Report Undermines Huawei Expansion Plans - Wall Street Journal [dayinformations.blogspot.com]
Question by machrisr2000: How many words does a linguist need to translate a 'new" (undeciphered) language? When linguists translate a completely unknown language or script (such as ancient Egyptian or Linear B), how much "raw material" do they need? For example, the Rosetta Stone was quite lengthy and clearly provided a plentiful sample of translated words which allowed hieroglyphs to be deciphered. How small can the "Rosetta" sample be but still allow an expert to work out the entire language? Can it be done with a few dozen words? Best answer for How many words does a linguist need to translate a 'new" (undeciphered) language?:
Answer by Billy
i know my answer sounds dumb, but it does depend on the language as a metaphor, the braille alphabet easily translates to a roman alphabet, and theres only six dots but it wont be so easy with something like chinese characters, etc.
Answer by Marguerite L
It all depends upon the language. The structure of languages varies. Some have complex conjugations, multiple tenses, complicated syntax. Others are simpler. And it depends upon whether the language uses letters or pictographs. And there are numerous alphabets - roman, cyrillic, arabic, for example. Someone who knows, say, Latin and English, can probably find their way to understanding Portuguese, but without a key would be hopelessly lost trying to translate Japanese or Arabic.
Answer by Xamanator
You've answered your own question. In the cases you've cited, the script was unknown but not the language, not completely. Ancient Egyptian is very similar to Coptic, while Ventris, not having a 'Rosetta Stone' wouldn't have been able to decipher Linear B if the tablets hadn't proved to be in Greek. Thus, Linear A remains undeciphered. For a completely unknown language with no cognates, a bilingual inscription would have to be quite long. There are a number of short bilingual inscriptions of Etruscan and Latin, but little progress has been made in Etruscan. On the other hand, the Maya script has been 80% deciphered now, with the help of only a page of notes by a Spanish priest - but the language is known.
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By JURO OSAWA
HONG KONGâ€"A damning U.S. Congressional report represents one of the biggest threats to plans by China's Huawei Technologies Co. and ZTE Corp. to expand into developed markets, not only by tainting public perceptions of the companies but also potentially prompting further investigations into their businesses, analysts say.
The U.S. is one of few major markets where Huawei, the world's second-largest telecommunications equipment supplier after Sweden's Ericsson, hasn't been able to expand. Whether Huawei can penetrate the critical U.S. marketâ€"a major market for Ericsson and Nokia Siemens Networksâ€"will determine the rate of the Chinese technology giant's overall growth.
In a report, the U.S. House intelligence committee says that Huawei and Chinese telecom equipment supplier ZTE Corp. pose security risks and that the U.S. government should avoid using the two companies' equipment.
The report comes at a time when Huawei is struggling to establish its credentials in the U.S. Political rhetoric against Beijing is intensifying as the U.S. presidential election nears and as China gains clout in global affairs. China has become a key issue in the race between Democratic presidential incumbent Barack Obama and Republican candidate Mitt Romney, both of whom have spoken out vociferously against what they say are unfair trade practices and currency manipulation by Beijing. Mr. Romney has berated Mr. Obama for not taking a harder line against China.
In response Huawei said it "has not seen the committee report so has no familiarity with such allegations…The security and integrity of our products are world proven. Those are the facts, political agendas aside."
ZTE also defended its equipment. "ZTE's equipment is evaluated by an independent U.S. threat-assessment laboratory with oversight by U.S. government agencies."
ZTE shares fell 6% to close Monday at 12.6 Hong Kong dollars (US$ 1.63) on the Hong Kong exchange.
Also on Monday, ZTE said that Cisco Systems Inc. severed a strategic cooperation agreement because of U.S. allegations the Chinese company sold equipment to Iran. Cisco notified ZTE several days ago that it would end a strategic partnership agreement with the Shenzhen-based company that dated to about 2005 and included resale of equipment produced by the U.S. company, a ZTE spokesman said Monday.
The spokesman, David Dai Shu (surname: Mr. Dai), said he wasn't aware of specific reasons cited by Cisco but that "we know it's related to Iran" and U.S. government scrutiny of Chinese business deals there.
Mr. Dai also supplied a ZTE corporate statement: "ZTE is highly concerned with the matter and is communicating with Cisco. At the same time, ZTE is actively cooperating with the U.S. government about the probe to Iran. We believe it will be properly addressed."
Cisco couldn't immediately be reached for comment. Cancellation of the strategic cooperation agreement was reported Monday by Reuters.
For Huawei, the result of the U.S. committee's probe "limits [its] growth potential over the next few years," said Jefferies analyst Cynthia Meng.
"It will be difficult for U.S. telecom operators and other U.S. companies to choose Huawei or ZTE" as their suppliers, she said.
The U.S. House intelligence committee had been investigating Huawei and ZTE over the past year over concerns among some Washington lawmakers that their equipment could be used for spying on Americans.
At a daily press briefing on Monday, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei said that China's telecommunications companies "develop their international businesses according to market economy principles. The investments they make in the U.S. show the win-win aspect of China-U.S. trade relations."
Mr. Hong added, "We hope that the U.S. Congress can reject bias, respect the facts and do more to promote China-U.S. economic relations, rather than the opposite."
The worst-case scenario for Huawei and ZTE would be the U.S. committee's report prompting similar investigations by European governments based on concerns about security risks, said Barclays analyst Jones Ku. "I wouldn't rule out the possibility of an investigation in Europe," said Mr. Ku, who covers Hong Kong-listed ZTE but not Huawei, which is a private company.
The U.S. market is also important for Huawei's efforts to expand beyond the telecom sector. As the overall growth slows in the telecom-equipment market, the company is investing more in so-called enterprise infrastructure businesses such as communication systems, data centers and other technology services for corporate clients, taking on powerful rivals such as Cisco Systems Inc. of the U.S.
Huawei entered the U.S. market in 2001, and it now has 13 offices across the country with about 1,800 employees. According to the company, its current U.S. clients include telecom operators such as MetroPCS Communications Inc. and Clearwire Corp.
But its U.S. sales, which stood at $ 1.3 billion last year, accounted for just 4% of Huawei's overall revenue of about $ 32 billion. By contrast, Europe accounted for 13% of the company's revenue.
â€"James T. Areddy in Shanghai and Olivia Geng in Beijing contributed to this article.Write to Juro Osawa at juro.osawa@dowjones.com
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